One of the main aspects of your map featured prominently is the Layer Legend. This is located on the left side of your map.
See below for a quick example of what to expect in your Layer Legend.
The first filter option is for Extent. This will filter your Legend to show only layers at the zoomed in part of the map you are in. Any layers not intersecting your current view will be temporarily hidden.
The second filter option is for Scale. Using this option filters your Legend to hide any layers that are inactive. Inactive layers will be shown in red by default, filtering them with Scale removes them from your view temporarily.
The third filter option is for Visible. This filters your Legend to show exactly what you have enabled in the map, while also temporarily clearing all disabled layers from view.
The last filter option is for Features. By filtering your Legend for Features, you hide layers that have no features at the location you are zoomed to.